C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 x\u1ea3y ra theo \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0i cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebb c\u1eafp \u0103n c\u1eafp, hay k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hay l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i? V\u00e0 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m cho kh\u1ed5, t\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee9ng nh\u00ecn? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1eadn ra. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, ho\u00e0i nghi l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Bertrand Russell h\u1ecfi, “N\u1ebfu Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m sao Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u00f9 hay b\u1ecb qu\u00e8 hay b\u1ecb ung th\u01b0? N\u1ebfu Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, l\u00e0m sao \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra? V\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00f3i Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9!” \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta ho\u00e0i nghi li\u1ec7u Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1eb3ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u1ec9 Satan sao, khi th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 v\u1eady? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n: n\u1ebfu Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y?<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o t\u1edbi th\u0103m t\u00f4i. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a anh ta n\u1eefa. Anh ta n\u00f3i, “C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u1ebfu Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c th\u1ebf?” Anh ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c. L\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o anh ta, “Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi qu\u1ec9 kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1c \u0111i. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?” Kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc b\u1ea1n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi khung c\u1ea3nh. Thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00e1c m\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. B\u1ecf t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3. S\u00e1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00ec t\u1ed1i. B\u1ecf l\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 n\u00f3ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea5t. N\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 b\u1ecf ch\u1ebft, s\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft, l\u00e0m sao s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? Hay, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ebft?<\/p>\n
V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ef1c. S\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang t\u1edbi b\u1edfi \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp b\u1ecb b\u1ecf \u0111i, c\u1ea3 hai b\u1ecb b\u1ecf \u0111i. B\u1ecf \u0111\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t. B\u1ecf tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u01b0\u1edbc ao k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i thanh xu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng tu\u1ed5i tr\u1ebb v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i n\u00e0y b\u1ecb b\u1ecf \u0111i, c\u00e1i kia b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t theo. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u ao \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u0169ng s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u01b0\u1edbc ao m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n
T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i, “N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u00e1c b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m, c\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed7 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 l\u1edbn; v\u00ec n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do ch\u00fat n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ef1c ra, t\u1eeb “t\u1ef1 do” ch\u1ee9a t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng anh ta l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, t\u1ef1 do nh\u01b0 v\u1eady truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t ngh\u0129a g\u00ec? T\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a. Thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n; b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n – kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. Khi ch\u00fang ta b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh ta l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u00e1c \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u – x\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n – khi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u1ef1 do th\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 tri v\u00f4 gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tri gi\u00e1c; ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u00fd th\u1ee9c. \u00dd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do. L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i: Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 cho ch\u00fang ta, n\u01a1i Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9ng g\u00e1c \u1edf c\u1ed5ng.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Bertrand Russell n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00ed do n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i n\u00f3i, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00ed do n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. N\u01a1i t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. T\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf. Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ebf. Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu! B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u1edbi v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1 s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u0169ng v\u1eady c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta quay l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i, “C\u1ea3nh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.” T\u1ef1 do bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 theo \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch. V\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm n\u00f3 th\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c! Erich Fromm \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t, Tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ef1 do<\/em>. Fromm n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ao \u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ef1 do. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 do, anh ta nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u1ea9n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb1ng sau n\u00f3. S\u1ef1 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1edfi th\u00f3i quen c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ebfm khi l\u00e0 l\u00e2u t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm n\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eadt c\u00e1c trang kinh s\u00e1ch shastras. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ao \u01b0\u1edbc vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n ngay c\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n l\u00ed – ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n ai \u0111\u00f3 trao n\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n l\u00ed, t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh \u0111i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00f3; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00e0 s\u1ee5p xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, “Th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. Cho t\u00f4i tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00ed. L\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i, k\u1ebb t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec?” Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Nhi\u1ec1u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00fa nh\u1eadn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i, “L\u00e0m sao k\u1ebb t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00ed?” Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u kh\u1ecfi t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ea7y n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh cai t\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u00e0y mai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00ean th\u1ea7y n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn th\u1ea7y n\u00e0y. Do v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y kinh s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 b\u00e1m l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Hitler, Mao v\u00e0 Stalin kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra ch\u1ec9 khi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ham mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. T\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u h\u0103m h\u1edf ao \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u00f3i, “T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, \u0110i theo t\u00f4i!” – \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o cho r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta theo sau c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c sadhu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c mahatma. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecfi, – h\u1ecd n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd; h\u1ecd n\u1eefa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 sai. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0, khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta h\u0103m h\u1edf \u0111\u1eb7t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. T\u1ef1 do d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng v\u1edbi vai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c: t\u1ef1 do ph\u1ea3i cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f4i c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 bay tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n T\u1ef1 do d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi n\u00f3. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 t\u00ean l\u00e0 N\u0103ng Nh\u1eabn. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u1edf l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed9n trong \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y \u00f4ng \u1ea5y. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi m\u01b0\u1ee3n th\u1ea7y chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n v\u00ec tr\u1eddi qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u0111i xa. Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0a cho \u00f4ng \u1ea5y chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n nh\u01b0ng ngay khi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c b\u1eadc c\u1eeda, th\u1ea7y gi\u1eb1ng l\u1ea5y v\u00e0 th\u1ed5i t\u1eaft chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n. N\u0103ng Nh\u1eabn ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. “Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f9a ki\u1ec3u g\u00ec v\u1eady?” \u00f4ng \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e1p, “Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00ecm con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. T\u1ed1i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. \u0110i \u0111i, t\u00ecm trong t\u1ed1i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u00e8n b\u00ean trong \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng. \u00d4ng c\u00e0ng t\u00ecm, \u00f4ng c\u00e0ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lau s\u1ea1ch. \u00d4ng s\u1ebd ng\u00e3, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd va v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, chi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb g\u00e3y, nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed5i t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e8n.”<\/p>\n N\u0103ng Nh\u1eabn \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eb1ng l\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n kh\u1ecfi tay \u00f4ng \u1ea5y v\u00e0 th\u1ed5i t\u1eaft n\u00f3. Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea9y \u00f4ng \u1ea5y v\u00e0o t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n b\u00ean trong ch\u00e1y. “H\u00f4m nay,” \u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i, “khi ta nh\u00ecn ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda b\u00f9ng ch\u00e1y b\u00ean trong, \u0111\u1ea7u ta c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng trong t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng.”<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do. R\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o tay b\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u00e2u b\u1ecd v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111i l\u1ea1c l\u1ed1i. S\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c; b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111i th\u1eb3ng l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u1ed3i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, v\u00ec c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u may m\u1eafn t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m b\u1edfi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 t\u1ed3i h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng may. Do \u0111\u00f3 L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i: “\u0110\u1ea1o sinh ra m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1i g\u00ec. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng cho h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i, “B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y.” S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o; kh\u00f4ng gian, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ed1i, s\u00e1ng, ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o; v\u00e0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 huy: “\u0111i sang ph\u1ea3i, \u0111i sang tr\u00e1i.”<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ea1o cho ch\u00fang ta cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 do th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. T\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hay th\u00e0nh l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng; ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. T\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1i n\u1eb1m \u1ea9n b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed9 ra. T\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ed1i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u00e2m ti ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t v\u00e0 suy t\u00e0n v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7. Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn: r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1ef1 do ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 im l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 “Ta hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu”.<\/p>\n Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta v\u00f4 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ee3, v\u00ec t\u1ef1 do ng\u1ee5 \u00fd tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. N\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. N\u1ebfu t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i trong \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1ch m\u00f3c ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ch\u00fang ta b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u00e0 hoang mang, cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00f3 l\u00ean l\u1eabn nhau. Ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00ean v\u1ee3, v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u00ean ch\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 do v\u1eady c\u1ea3 hai xo\u00e1 t\u1ed9i cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c ch\u00fat n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i h\u1ecd ch\u01a1i.<\/p>\n Eric Berne \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i<\/em>. Trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u00f4ng \u1ea5y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00ean l\u1eabn nhau c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i. Ph\u1ea7n bu\u1ed3n c\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00ean, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00ean ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c?<\/p>\n Kh\u00f4ng may, c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eabn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u00ean l\u1eabn nhau. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta tr\u00e1ch l\u1eabn nhau trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0103n xin, \u0111ang c\u1ea7m b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t ch\u00eca ra cho nhau. T\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u xin x\u1ecf ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho!<\/p>\n T\u1ef1 do l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3, cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm lo\u1ea1i n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta [kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o m\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i t\u1edbi] c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn l\u00ean Ng\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i, “Ch\u00fang con \u1edf trong tay ng\u00e0i. Xin ch\u0103m nom cho ch\u00fang con!” Do \u0111\u00f3, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf; nh\u01b0ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho v\u1eadn may c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00edch c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 tin \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng khi ng\u00e0y r\u1ee7i x\u1ea3y ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00ecn l\u00ean tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 k\u00eau kh\u00f3c, “L\u00e0m sao con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 th\u1ebf khi ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3? Hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec n\u1ebfu con kh\u1ed5 th\u1ebf? Ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e0i xua \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng \u0111au bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a con v\u00e0 cho con b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c con s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tin ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e2u.”<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi t\u00f4i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i, “T\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu con trai t\u00f4i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong v\u00f2ng m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ng\u00e0y t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i. V\u00e0, trong v\u00f2ng m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m ng\u00e0y, con trai t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m!”<\/p>\n T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng ta, “Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 t\u1ed3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd th\u1eed Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n Anh ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn trong ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Anh ta n\u00f3i, “Gi\u1edd t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu!”<\/p>\n T\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng ta, “Ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c tin ch\u1eafc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Con trai b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1eebng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho con b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 con trai b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a con b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf; Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. Tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n Sau hai th\u00e1ng, qu\u00ed \u00f4ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng ta n\u00f3i, “\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1t ra nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi g\u00ec v\u1eady? M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n h\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. B\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean t\u00f4i r\u1ed3i. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 quay l\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i t\u00f4i!”<\/p>\n T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng ta, “Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng quay l\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng quay m\u1eb7t v\u00e0o \u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0ng, m\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, s\u1ef1 kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, kh\u1ea9n kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec. \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 qu\u00ed gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.”<\/p>\n Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 theo \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00fang t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tu luy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: D\u00f9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tu luy\u1ec7n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i cho s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00e1 treo c\u1ed5 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edb Ng\u00e0i trong b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00ec th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea9y tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f4i vai ch\u00fang ta. Russell \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft, “T\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 tin r\u1eb1ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bu\u1ed3n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian.” Russell l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang khi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n. Thuy\u1ebft h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd phai m\u1edd \u0111i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bu\u1ed3n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian. Ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o nh\u1edb t\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bu\u1ed3n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian? Chu\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1n ch\u00f9a c\u00f2n ng\u00e2n vang kh\u00f4ng? Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i n\u1ebfn c\u00f3 ch\u00e1y trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd kh\u00f4ng? L\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y tu b\u00e1o gi\u1edd c\u00f3 r\u00f3t \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n th\u1edd n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00fang l\u1eeda n\u00e0y – qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta than kh\u00f3c. V\u00e0 c\u00e1i ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec1n ch\u00f9a ch\u1eb3ng nh\u00e0 th\u1edd h\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xo\u00e1 \u0111i n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra ra ch\u00fang v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 ch\u00fang. Bu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng sai do ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi bu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, li\u1ec7u \u00fd ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 bao gi\u1edd \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bu\u1ed3n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c cho m\u1ecdi b\u1ec7nh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh, ai ngo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u00ean s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c? Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa cho b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Khi c\u00f3 bu\u1ed3n, ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi thu\u1ed1c mang t\u00ean Ng\u00e0i; khi c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, ch\u00fang ta v\u1ee9t chai thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0o s\u1ecdt r\u00e1c.<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 trong bu\u1ed3n, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00ean vai Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ea5t k\u00ec tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0o l\u00ean vai Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf v\u00ec Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 do l\u1edbn h\u01a1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n T\u1ef1 do Ng\u00e0i trao cho tr\u00ean s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 s\u00e2u l\u1eafng t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ebf kh\u1eafp xung quanh ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 n\u00e0y: r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf, th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y? Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ham mu\u1ed1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do; n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ham mu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 do b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong nh\u00e0 t\u00f9. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong nh\u00e0 t\u00f9, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng b\u00f2 v\u00e0o. S\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 trong ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 l\u1edbn. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n T\u1ef1 do ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec, b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec, t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00fa v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c \u0111i theo sau t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ba m\u01b0\u01a1i h\u1ecdc sinh. C\u1eadu b\u00e9 \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba trong l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, c\u1eadu b\u00e9 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ba. T\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9a \u1edf m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o l\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m cao nh\u1ea5t, trong khi \u0111\u1ee9a cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf v\u00e0 b\u1ecb l\u00e0m cho \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 mang m\u1ecdi b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n trong b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1nh kho\u1ebb b\u1ecb \u1ed1m. K\u00e9o l\u1ea1i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n; n\u00e2ng cao l\u00ean bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng kh\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng minh s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p; v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng minh ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n Nh\u1edb, t\u1ef1 do ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi. Anh ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf ch\u1ed7 anh ta \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf n\u1ebfu anh ta \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 anh ta t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i – l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu anh ta \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 v\u1eady. Cho n\u00ean v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 Marx ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, t\u00f4i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf: r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch th\u1ebf tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00ec t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ban cho ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m ho\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n cho t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u1edf Ph\u00e1p h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00f4 kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u: “C\u00f4ng l\u00ed, T\u1ef1 do, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng!” \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb say m\u00ea th\u1ebf b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra s\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang \u0111i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ma thu\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do; v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng l\u00ed, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef1 do, c\u00f4ng l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9; v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, c\u00f4ng l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, th\u1ebf th\u00ec n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef1 do, ch\u00ednh n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p gi\u1eef t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n; v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn t\u1ef1 do, vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. S\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 phi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf hay g\u00e2y ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n M\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. T\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n Cho n\u00ean, Marx \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec v\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec cho Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: N\u1ebfu Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 do kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 ch\u00ednh tri\u1ebft l\u00ed v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf. Do v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 v\u1eabn tin v\u00e0o Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u1ea7n, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do – kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n \u0110i\u1ec1u L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb 2500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc Marx. \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. Ch\u1ec9 khi c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf th\u00ec tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ao \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n g\u00e2y l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf hay th\u1ea7y th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft ch\u00ed qu\u1ea5n d\u00e2y c\u01b0\u01a1ng quanh c\u1ed5 ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tu\u00e2n theo. T\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i; ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ai \u0111\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta, th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta \u0111i. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tin t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n lo \u00e2u; ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edb, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m sau khi bu\u00f4ng xu\u00f4i t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 sai l\u1ed7i, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, t\u1ed9i \u00e1c.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n T\u1eeb \u201cCon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d, T.3, Ch.4, Hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 x\u1ea3y ra theo … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2981,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2980","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cac-khai-niem","category-quan-sat-nhan-biet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oshovietnam.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2980","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oshovietnam.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oshovietnam.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oshovietnam.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oshovietnam.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2980"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/oshovietnam.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2980\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2982,"href":"https:\/\/oshovietnam.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2980\/revisions\/2982"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oshovietnam.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oshovietnam.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2980"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oshovietnam.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2980"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oshovietnam.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2980"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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